Electroslag remelting Furnace
The ESR process involves the gradual melting of the lower end of a cast or forged electrode through a layer of molten metallurgically active slag into a water-cooled copper mold. The slag is usually calcium fluoride with the addition of lime, magnesia, alumina and other oxides. In its molten state the slag is electrically conductive and acts like a resistance heating element when a high current is passed between the electrode and the mold. With the continued passage of electric current the slag becomes superheated. The electrode tip is immersed in this superheated slag and begins to melt. The immersion of the electrode in the slag is precisely maintained and a controlled melt rate is established. An advanced computer control system maintains the melt rate and electrode immersion utilizing custom designed algorithms taking into account measurements from the load beam weighing system, measurements of the furnace voltage (or resistance), and measurements of voltage (or resistance) swing. The molten metal droplets sink through the lower density molten slag and re-solidify in the water-cooled copper mold. Through this process the slag-metal reactions dissolve inclusions and purify the metal as it falls through the molten slag. After the process has continued for some time, a purified ingot having a controlled solidification structure is built up in the mold. The slag floating on top of the liquid metal pool also acts to prevent oxidation of the molten metal when melting in air. It is also common for the ESR process to take place in an inert gas environment to further prevent oxidation of the metal and to prevent oxidation of the slag. Toward the end of the process, the power is gradually reduced providing a controlled hot top. The resulting ingot is structurally sound, chemically homogeneous, and provides a high yield of useful product.
1. The working principle is different: the electric arc furnace uses the electric arc to heat the metal, and the solid metal is heated and melted by the resistance heating of the metal, while the electroslag furnace uses the electric heating charge to convert the electric energy into heat energy, and the solid charge is heated by the resistance heating of the charge. Heat to melt.
2. Different use occasions: electric arc furnaces are mainly used for smelting and steelmaking, and are suitable for the production of some high-quality steel products, while electroslag furnaces are mainly used for steelmaking, and are suitable for the production of low alloy steel, alloy steel and stainless steel.
3. Different characteristics: the electric arc furnace has high energy consumption, but it can produce high-quality steel, and has the advantages of strong adaptability and simple operation; while the electroslag furnace has low energy consumption, but the furnace temperature is not easy to control, and the slag Contains more oxides, but is suitable for refining certain types of steel, and slag can be used as a useful by-product.
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